https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11122354 · 
Journal: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023, №12, p.2354
See Also
Finite Element Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Pile Spacing on the Uplift Bearing Performance of Concrete Expanding-Plate Pile GroupsInsights and innovations in structural engineering, mechanics and computation : proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 5-7 September 2016, Cape Town, South Africa / Editor, Alphose ZingoniExcalibur displacement piles - [PDF Document]Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather Tanning Chemistry - [PDF Document]Publisher: MDPI AG
Authors: Tao Li, Xinran Yu, Ben He, Song Dai
Abstract
With the rapid increase in offshore wind turbines in China, monopiles with diameters exceeding 2 m are widely used. As these piles are subjected to lateral loads caused by wind, waves, and currents, the designs of the pile foundations supporting the offshore wind turbines are significantly influenced by their lateral behaviors. For this reason, field tests of the largest monopile on the sea and additional analysis based on the solid finite element method (FEM) and p-y curves are carried out to reveal the response of monopiles subjected to lateral loads and to figure out key technical issues related to the design process. The results revealed that the p-y curves proposed by the API code for clay showed a much “softer” response, which resulted in the conservative design of the piles. The solid FEM relied heavily on the choosing of the parameters used. At relatively small deflections, the solid FEM presented reasonable results as compared with the tests which were, however, supposed to overestimate the ultimate capacity of the piles. The results also indicated the importance of the influence of the pile–soil gap and the application of parameter analysis to achieve relatively conservative results, if the solid FEM is adopted in the design.
Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Key Lab Far Shore Wind Power Technol Zhejiang Prov
List of references
- Wang, Investigation on offshore wind turbine with an innovative hybrid monopile foundation: An experimental based study, Renew. Energy, № 132, с. 129
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.127 - Gupta, Offshore wind turbine monopile foundations: Design perspectives, Ocean Eng., № 213, с. 107514
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107514 - Arany, Design of monopiles for offshore wind turbines in 10 steps, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., № 92, с. 126
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.09.024 - Hu, A novel countermeasure for preventing scour around monopile foundations using Ionic Soil Stabilizer solidified slurry, Appl. Ocean Res., № 121, с. 103121
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103121 - Zheng, Development status of offshore wind power at home and abroad, Hydropower New Energy, № 32, с. 75
- Zhang, Study on economical efficiency of ocean energy generation in China, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., № 1171, с. 012003
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1171/1/012003 - Aminoroayaie, Numerical modeling of sediment scouring phenomenon around the offshore wind turbine pile in marine environment, Environ. Earth Sci., № 77, с. 776
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7967-4 - Dai, Influence of soil scour on lateral behavior of large diameter offshore wind turbine monopile and corresponding scour monitoring method, Ocean Eng., № 239, с. 109809
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109809 - Cuéllar, V.P. (2011). Pile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Numerical and Experimental Investigations on the Behaviour under Short-Term and Long-Term Cyclic Loading, Technische Universitaet Berlin.
- Alrwashdeh, Wind energy production assessment at different sites in Jordan using probability distribution functions, Artic. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., № 13, с. 8163
- Alrwashdeh, Investigation of Wind Energy Production at Different Sites in Jordan Using the Site Effectiveness Method, Energy Eng. J. Assoc. Energy Eng., № 116, с. 47
- Lau, B.H. (2015). Cyclic Behaviour of Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines in Clay, University of Cambridge.
- He, Field testing of one-way and two-way cyclic lateral responses of single and jet-grouting reinforced piles in soft clay, Acta Geotech., № 12, с. 1021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-016-0515-z - Matlock, H. (1970). Offshore Technology in Civil Engineering’s Hall of Fame Papers from the Early Years, ASCE.
- Reese, L.C., Cox, W.R., and Koop, F.D. (1974). Offshore Technology in Civil Engineering Hall of Fame Papers from the Early Years, ASCE.
- Achmus, Behavior of monopile foundations under cyclic lateral load, Comput. Geotech., № 36, с. 725
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.12.003 - Cheng, Finite element analysis of cyclic lateral responses for large diameter monopiles in clays under different loading patterns, Comput. Geotech., № 134, с. 104104
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104104 - Kato, Evaluation of post-storm soil stiffness degradation effects on the performance of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in clay, Ocean Eng., № 282, с. 114338
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114338 - American Petraleum Institute (2014). API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD (RP2A-WSD), API. [21st ed.].
- Veritas, D.D.N. (2023, November 10). DNV-OS-J101 Offshore Standard. Available online: https://pdfcoffee.com/dnv-os-j101-design-of-offshore-wind-turbine-structurepdf-pdf-free.html.
- CCCC Third Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd. (2012). Code for Pile Foundation of Harbor Engineering (JTS167-4-2012), China Communications Press.
- Mu, Analytical method for single pile under V-H-M combined loads in sand, Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., № 39, с. 153
- Lu, New p-y curve model considering vertical loading for piles of offshore wind turbine in sand, Ocean Eng., № 203, с. 107228
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107228 - Finn, Modelling effects of pile diameter, Can. Geotech. J., № 53, с. 173
https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0119 - Hong, Cyclic lateral response and failure mechanisms of a semi-rigid pile in soft clay: Centrifuge tests and numerical modelling, Can. Geotech. J., № 54, с. 806
https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0356 - Lu, F. (2005). Research on the Application of Cone Penetration Test in Offshore Geotechnical Engineering, Tianjin University.
- Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2014). Technical Code for Testing of Building Foundation Piles (JGJ 106-2014), China Building Industry Press.
- Reese, L.C., and Van Impe, W.F. (2001). Single Piles and Pile Groups under Lateral Loading, Balkema.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1445326 - Systèmes, D. (2007). Abaqus Analysis User’s Manual, Simulia Corp.
- Wang, J., and Chen, Y. (2006). Application of ABAQUS in Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University Press.
- Ou, Analysis of Deep Excavation with Column Type of Ground Improvement in Soft Clay, J. Geotech. Engrg., № 122, с. 709
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:9(709) - Steven, J.B., and Audibert, J.M.E. (May, January 30). Re-examination of py curve formulations. Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, USA.
- Zhang, Centrifuge Modeling of the Cyclic Lateral Response of a Rigid Pile in Soft Clay, Can. Geotech. J., № 137, с. 717
- Jeanjean, P. (2009, January 4–7). Re-assessment of p-y curves for soft clays from centrifuge testing and finite element modeling. Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, USA.
https://doi.org/10.4043/20158-MS - Chen, Evaluation of lateral interpretation criteria for drilled shaft capacity, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., № 136, с. 1124
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000325 - Poulos, H.G., and Davis, E.H. (1980). Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, Wiley.
About this publication
| Number of citations | 0 |
| Number of works in the list of references | 36 |
| Journal indexed in Scopus | Yes |
| Journal indexed in Web of Science | Yes |
