Why Italy’s far-right leader Giorgia Meloni is sure to get a warm reception in Canada (2024)

This weekend, Canada will play host to Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who is widely regarded as that country's most right-wing leader since the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. But don't expect that detail to come up.

Meloni will be in Toronto this Saturday for a meeting with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and it is expected to be a cordial one. Meloni's visit, readsa news release from the Prime Minister's Office(new window), will build on theclose relationship Canada has with Italy,a steadfastallyin defending democracy around the world.

The statement is a far cry from the public criticism Trudeau lobbed at Meloni at a meeting of the G7 last year. There, hevoiced "concern"(new window)about the Italian prime minister's positions on 2SLGBTQ+ rights, which included plans to revoke parental rights for gay couples with children.

But a lot can change in a year. Since last May, experts say Meloni has deftly performed a delicate balancing act, advancing centrist positions on the international stage while appeasing a far-right base at home. In the process, she has become a key power player in Europe amid awider surge in right-wing sentiment(new window)across the continent.

I expect Trudeau to be much more gentle with Meloni this time around, said Amy Verdun, director of the University of Victoria's European studies program, in an email. There is a more right-wing wind blowing in Europe…. On the whole we do not know where all this is going. But for people on the left, it is a worrying trend.

Growing influence

Before coming to power, Meloni was known for herfiery speeches against "globalist" institutions(new window)such as the European Union. But since becoming premier, she has been positioning herself as a powerful player at the European Parliament.

As leader of a large right-wing bloc, Meloni's tough talk on immigration has increasingly dictated the direction of EU policy. She was instrumental in the development of itsnew migration plan(new window), which will increase relocations and refusals, and hasbuilt a close relationship(new window)with European Commission President Ursula Von Der Leyen.

They have helped each other many times, supporting each other politically, said Teresa Coratella, a program manager for the European Council on Foreign Relations in Rome.

With upcoming European electionsexpected to hand a quarter of seats(new window)to far-right parties like Meloni's, Von Der Leyen has beenactively courting Meloni's approval(new window), making frequent visits to Italy and statements in favour of her harsh policies on migration.

Meloni played her cards on the European tables very well, said Lorenzo Castellani, a political analyst at the LUISS Guido Carli university in Rome. She will be one of the largest … players in the next election.

Intercontinental ambitions

Now, Meloni's ambitions have extended across the Mediterranean, with a new investment plan that wouldtransfer billions in cash to African countries(new window). The strategy is one of the topics that is expected to be under discussion Saturday.

Thoughthe PMO's statement(new window)says the strategy could help promote peace, development, and prosperity across the continent, it is widely understood to be aimed primarily at curbing immigration flows from North Africa.

This plan might create some sort of exchange, said Castellani. You can use this cash for drilling oil or building schools and bridges, but the underlying motivation is first and foremost to stop illegal immigration — or at least to limit it.

The plan has alreadydrawn criticism(new window)for proposing large cash transfers tounstable regimes with poor human rights records(new window), in exchange for implicit promises to prevent refugees from getting out.

And while Meloni's migration strategy has earned the support of European politicians fearing a far-right surge at home, it hasappalled human rights organizations(new window), which have decried policies thatoffshore immigration processing to Albania(new window), fund Libyan warships thatillegally push back refugees(new window), andcriminalize the rescue of drowning migrants at sea(new window).

'Draconian' policies at home

Meanwhile, since Trudeau voiced concern last year, Meloni has only accelerated the erosion of 2SLGBTQ+ rights in Italy. Last summer, sheoutlawed international surrogacy(new window), and carried through on threats torevoke the legal rights(new window)of dozens of gay parents.

Her government has earnedrare rebukes for its harsh policing(new window)of protests, passed"draconian" new laws(new window)targeted at youth crime(new window)and spurred controversy byclearing critics from cultural institutions(new window)like the public broadcaster.

More recently, she's raised alarm byproposing constitutional reforms(new window)that critics say parallel those enacted by Mussolini in the 1920s, which would likely hand sweeping new powers to her office.

• Italian PM Meloni rejects criticism from Trudeau over LGBTQ rights(new window)

• Why gay couples using surrogacy are the latest target for Europe's far right(new window)

And while analysts admit she's been successful in shaking her party's fascist associations internationally, she is stillroutinely embarrassed in Italy(new window)by members of her own party attending neo-fascist rallies — events which she oftenavoids condemning(new window).

It's like she has a double face, said Coratella. Internationally, she has been encouraged to moderate her positions — but at home, she faces the opposite pressure: a fractious coalition of far-right politicians she must appease to survive until the end of her mandate.

Shifting landscape

But analysts say little of this is likely to factor into Trudeau's discussion with Meloni Saturday. His high-profile critique last year was mostly for a Canadian audience, according to Ruben Zaiotti, a professor of political science at Dalhousie University in Halifax.

"Trudeau … did what he had to do last year at the G7,Zaiotti said. The [Meloni] government was new, so it wasn't yet clear if [it] would be playing by the same tune as the rest of the G7. But since then, she's done exactly that."

With ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza, maintaining unity in groups like NATO, the G7 and the EU may simply be more important now than policing the domestic politics of foreign leaders, analysts say. The bulk of the meeting is expected to focus on priorities like aid to Ukraine and support for Israel, two files where Meloni has remained in lockstep with her more mainstream allies.

• ANALYSISA shaky economy has forced Italy's far-right prime minister to scale back her populist agenda(new window)

• Italian PM touts importance of national identity while asking for international help on migration(new window)

On the international level, the issues today are Ukraine, Russian aggression, Israel-Gaza, said Zaiotti. There's a lot of overlap between what she wants and what Trudeau wants.

With the prospect ofanother right-wing leader occupying the White House(new window)next year, Canada may also not have the luxury of choice when it comes to its allies.

I'm not sure that Justin Trudeau's foreign policy has been as successful as he wants, said Sir Graham Watson, a professor at the Munk School of Global Affairs and a former member of the European Parliament. Maybe he is interested in closer relations with Europe…. Relations between Canada and Italy could perhaps be strengthened.

Even if [its] European allies might not be of the same political colour, said Verdun, it is in Canada's interest, at the moment, to be diversifying its relationships.

John Last(new window)·CBC News